TEXT 1.
Methods were discovered for keeping water pure and safe. Septic tank, cesspool (tengki septic, jamban) and other equipment for take care of waste were placed so they couldn’t possibly drain into (mengalir kedalam) water in the supplies. But germs (kuman, basil) still go into the water in the ways. Today water is treated in various ways to kill any germs that might be in it. Usually this is done with a chemical called chlorine (klor). Only small amounts of chlorine are used, but sometimes its odor (bau) can be detected when water is run from the faucet (keran). Metode sudah diketemukan untuk menjaga kemurnian dan keamanan air. Tangki penyimpanan limbah, jamban, dan perlengkapan lainnya untuk menjaga tetap ditempatnya sehingga mungkin mereka tidak dpt mengalirkan air kedlama tempat penyimpanan. Tetapi kuman masih masuk kedalam air melalui berbagai jalan. Dewasa ini air diobati dalam berbagai macam cara untuk membunuh kuman apapun yg mungkin ada didalamnya. Biasanya ini dilakukan dg menggunakan suatu bahan kimia yg dinamakan klor. Hanya dlm jumlah kecil klor yang digunakan, tetapi kadang kadang bau dapat diketahui when air mengalir dari kran.
In places where water is treated and purified (dimurnikan, dibersihkan), typhoid fever (demam tipus) and other diseases spread by water have almost disappeared. When there are floods, the water purifying system may be overloaded (kelebihan muatan) and become ineffective. When this happened, people are usually told to boil water before drinking it, to make sure that all germs are killed. Di banyak tempat/dimana mana air diobati dan dimurnikan/dibersihkan , demam tipus dan penyakit lainnya menyebar melalui air hamper tidak Nampak. Bila ada banjir, sistim pemurnian air mungkin kelebihan beban dan menjadi tidak efektif. Bila ini terjadi, orang orang biasanya diberitahu untuk memasak air sebelum meminumnya, untuk memastikan bhw semua basil terbunuh.
In some parts of the world the water is not purified and can’t be trusted. Soldiers serving in such places use special chemicals to purify small amounts of water for drinking. Designing and constructing safe water supplies is an important job of scientists who are trying to improve health conditions in under developed countries. Di banyak bagian dunia air tidak dimurnikan dan tidak dpt diyakini kemurniannya. Tentara yang melayani tempat tempat seperti itu menggunakan bahan kimia khusus untuk memurnikan sejumlah kecil air untuk minum. Perencanaan dan pembangunan persediaan air minum yg aman adalah suatu tugas penting bagi para ilmuwan yg sedang berusaha untuk meningkatkan kondisi kesehatan di Negara Negara yg sedang berkembang.
Septic tank · n. a tank, typically underground, in which sewage is allowed to decompose through bacterial activity before draining by means of a soak (merendam) away.
Soak kkt. 1 merendam (in water). 2 membasahi hingga basah kuyup. 3 Inf.: meminta. to s. through meresap menembus. -soaking kb. basah-kuyup. to get a s. direndam. s. wet basah-kuyup.
1. What is the general idea of the text? D. Designing and constructing safe water supplies.
A. Treating water in various ways. E. Improving health condition in underdeveloped countries
B. Boiling water before drinking it.
C. Methods for keeping water pure and safe.*
2. The main information of paragraph 3 is ……….
A. Using special chemical to purify water.
B. Improving health condition in underdeveloped countries.
C. Soldiers serving in such places use chemical to purify water.
D. In some parts of the world the water is not purified and can’t be trusted.*
E. important job of scientists is designing and constructing safe water supplies
3. When are people suggested to boil water before drinking it? When………
A. chlorine is used. D. typhoid fever and other disease spread by water.
B. there are germs in the water. E. the water purifying system overloaded because of floods.*
C. Water is treated and purified.
4. How do we know that chlorine is used in the running water? We know it from…………
A. Germs. B. its odor.* C. cesspool. D. the color. E. the faucet.
5. Which of the words in the text has the same meaning as “to flow away” the water?
A. Drain.* B. purifies. C. detect. D. spread. E. improve.
TEXT 2.
There are a lot of entrepreneurs (pengusaha, usahawan) who have been successful in Indonesia. They use their savings or other people’s savings to buy raw materials, hire labor, and buy machinery to produce goods or services. Entrepreneur’s job is undertaking (menjalankan, melakukan) business ventures (spekulasi, usaha) (risks). Entrepreneurs usually receive profit. The cheaper the cost producing goods and services, the greater will be the profit earned by entrepreneurs. Therefore they weigh (mempertimbangkan) carefully the prices of land, labor and capital. Banyak penguasa yg berhasil di Ind. Mereka menggunakan tabungannya atau tabungan orang lain untuk membeli bahan mentah, menyewa buruh, dan membeli mesin untuk menghasilkan barang barang atau jasa. Pekerjaan pengusaha/usahawan adalah menjalankan usaha bisnis. Para pengusaha biasanya menerima keuntungan. Ongkos produksi barang dan jasa yang lebih murah, keuntungan yang lebih banyak akan diperoleh oleh para pengusaha. Oleh karena itu mereka mempertimbangkan dg hati hati harga tanah, buruh dan modal
Partnership is the state of being a partner to carry on (melakukan, melaksanakan) business in association with another or others. The generous and rich entrepreneurs or industrialists will help the other entrepreneurs who have gone bankrupt to be able to survive by giving financial aid, suggestion and training, etc. then they cooperate in business. They should be honest in business affairs. Perkongsian adalah keadaan menjadi suatu patner/ kompanyon untuk menjalankan bisnis dalam gabungan/asosiasi/persatuan dg lain pengusaha atau para pengusaha. Pengusaha atau industriawn yang bermurah hati dan kaya akan menolong pengusaha pengusaha yl yg telah bangkrut utk dpt menyelamatkannya dg pemberian bantuan keuangan, saran atau pelatihan dsb, kemudian mereka bekerja sama dlm bisnis. Mereka hrs jujur dlm urusan bisnis.
Most of them are becoming richer and richer. But there are also a few entrepreneurs who are not successful. Their companies went bankrupt. There are also lots of industries which cannot produce goods well. They need capital and labors. Sbg besar diantara mereka menjadi lebih kaya dan lebih kaya. Tetapi ada juga sedikit pengusaha yg tidak dpt menghasilkan barang barang yg baik. Mereka memberlukan modal dan buruh. (Source : Test Poltekes 2006)
6. The text tells us about………..
A. Partnership in business. C. the successful entrepreneurs.*
B. The bankrupt entrepreneurs. D. entrepreneurs job in business. E. the profit earned by entrepreneurs
7. Based on the second paragraph, we can conclude that……………
A. There is a good cooperation among entrepreneurs.*
B. The generous entrepreneurs just help the rich one.
C. The bankrupt entrepreneurs just wait for their failure.
D. The generous entrepreneurs help the new entrepreneurs.
E. The successful entrepreneurs only think about themselves.
8. Then they cooperate in business (par 2). They word they refers to……….
A. The rich entrepreneurs. D. The generous entrepreneurs
B. The rich and the bankrupt entrepreneurs. E. The generous entrepreneurs and industrialists.
C. The generous the rich entrepreneurs or industrialists and the bankrupt ones.*
9. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Entrepreneurs rarely get profit.
B. There is a few successful entrepreneurs in Indonesia.
C. The moral aid is given to bankrupt entrepreneurs.
D. A small number of entrepreneurs fall in their business.*
E. Partnership is the state of being a partner to discuss business.
10. Partnership is the state of being a partner to carry on business in association….. “Carry on means……
A. Plan. B. support. C. manage. D. practice. E. continue.*
TEXT 3.
It’s hard to find artifact (benda, barang hasil kecerdasan manusia spt perkakas, senjata dsb) that are genuinely (asli, sungguh sungguh, ikhlas) Americans, but the present day banjo may be one of them. Even though its ancestry (keturunan, asal, leluhur) is African, the modern banjo is nothing like the early. Sulit utk menemukan benda benda yg asli peninggalan orang amerika, banjo modern tdk ada seperti diwaktu awal jaman dulu.
(11)…….first brought by Africans to the southern plantations. In the nineteenth century the banjo was a standard instrument in minstrel shows and as it continued to be used, it was changed in …….(12) ways. Machined pegs (pasak) were added for precise tuning (penyetelan, lagu), frets (resah, cerewet) were added for better intonation and vellum (naskah yg ditulis pd kulit binatang) heads were added to improve the tension. The number of strings also continued to change. Early banjos had four strings, (13)……….later models had as many as nine. Peralatan pertama dibawa oleh orang Afrika ke perkebunan bagian selatan. Di abad ke 19 banjo adalah alat standard dalam pertunjukan pertengahan dan berlanjut digunakan, alat itu diubah dlm berbagai cara. Mesin pasak ditambahkan untuk penyetelan yg akurat/tepat, pengukir ditambahkan agar nada suara lebih baik dan kepala naskah ditambahkan untuk memperbaiki tensi. Sejumlah senar juga terus diubah. Banjos pertama memiliki 4 senar walaupun nantinya model model ini memiliki sebanyak 9.
In the late 1800s, the five strings banjo was developed, a model that had a small unfretted drone string that was played with the thumb. This was the instrument that country singer Earl Scruggs played and was the type used to produce that great style of music known as bluegrass (sejenis rumput yg berwarna kebiru biruan). Di akhir abad ke 18an, banjo yg memiliki 5 senar dikembangkan, sebuah model yg memiliki sebuah senar kecil yang berdengung lambat yg dimainkan dg ibu jari. Ini adalah alat yg penyanyi kantri Earl Scruggs memainkan dan model yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan model music yg besar yang dikenal sbg bluegrass.
In the 1920s, the four strings tenor (senar tenor) banjo made a remarkable comeback, as banjo bands (14) …….popular in schools and clubs from coast to coast (pantai, pesisir). Again in 1960s, there was a renewed interest in folk (rakyat, bangsa) and country music that brought the banjo back into the forefront (memuncak, ngetop) of American music. It’s an American (15) ………that continues to live on.
Di tahun 1920 an, 4 senar tenor banjo melakukan pertunukan kembali yg luar biasa, karena banjo bank menjadi terkenal di sekolah dan klub dari pantai ke pantai. Lagi di th 1960 an, ada suatu pembaharuan perhatian pd music rakyat dan music kantri yg mengantarkan banjo kembali kancah music America yg ngetop. Ini adalah sebuah alat music America yg melanjutkan untuk hidup.
Bluegrass · n.1 (also Kentucky bluegrass) a European meadow grass introduced into North America and grown for fodder. [Poa pratensis and other species.] 2 a kind of country music characterized byks.
Cheer kb. sorak(-sorai). -kkt. Let's c. the team on Mari kita bersorak untuk regu itu. -kki. bersorak. to c. up 1 menghibur, menggembirakan. 2 bergembira. -cheering kb. sorak-sorai. ks. yang bersorak.
Remarkable 1 luar biasa. r. progress kemajuan luar biasa. 2 hebat, baik sekali. r. piece of work hasil karya yang hebat. -remarkably kk. sungguh. virtuosic playing of banjos and guitars and high-pitched close-harmony vocals.
11. A. instrument.* B. instrumental. C. instrumentally. D. instrumentative. E. instrumentation
12. A. vary. B. varied. C. variety. D. various.* E. variation.
13. A. Thus. B. while. C. when. D. because. E. although.*
14. A. became.* B. becomes. C. becoming. D. will become. E. has become.
15. A. instrument.* B. instrumental. C. instrumentally. D. instrumentative. E. instrumentation
16. Had the bomb exploded, all the houses in this area would have been destroyed. We may conclude that…
A. The bomb did explode. D. none of the houses was destroyed.*
B. Some houses were destroyed. E. the houses couldn’t be destroyed by the bomb.
C. the bomb destroyed all the houses.
17. As I don’t have enough capital to start a business, I would like apply for a …….from the bank.
A. Loan.* B. cash. C. share. D. polity. E. deposit.
18. Who is responsible ……….the garbage………the husband or the wife?
A. Taking ---out. B. to take –out.* C. for take – put. D. for taking – out. E. with taking – out.
19. I think …..at the train station will surprise aunt Tiya.
A. You are.* B. you were. C. you to be. D. you being. E. your being.
20. How did you travel so cheaply in Europe? We reduced our expenses (biaya, ongkos ongkos) by taking the train and ……..inexpensive restaurants.
A. Eat. B. ate. C. eating.* D. to eat. E. have been eaten.
21. Look at the car. What a mess (ruang makan, kantin, barang yg mengotori). …..you what happened.
A. Let me tell.* B. let me told. C. let me to tell. D. allow me tell. E. allows me to told.
22. Is it possible ……..you at your office?
A. To see.* B. seeing. C. for see. D. for seeing. E. to be seen.
23. Sometimes life must be very unpleasant for people…….near airport.
A. Live. B. living.* C. be living. D. they lived. E. they are living.
24. What’s wrong with Hendry? He needs……..
A. Cheer up. B. cheering up.* C. to cheered up. D. to be cheer to. E. to be cheering up.
25. Modern industrial methods have supplanted (menggantikan) individual crafts….stone carvers (pengukir, pemahat, pisau dg), coopers (tukang patri), and cobbles (tukang sepatu) virtually (sebenarnya) extinct (p
A. Made blacksmiths (pandai besi). C. Makes blacksmith.
B. Make blacksmith.* D. Making blacksmith. E. making them blacksmiths.
26. Ruined by the earthquake……..
A. The inhabitants left the village.* D. there was no inhabitants in the village.
B. The village was left uninhabited. E. no inhabitants were found in the village.
C. Finding no inhabitants in the village.
27. Do you know………
A. Where is Ali’s cousin. C. Ali’s cousin lives*
B. Where is Ali’s cousin lives. D. where Ali’s cousin lives in. E. where does Ali’s cousin live
28. Mr. Namridus : How are the workers getting on? (menaiki kendaraan, berhasil maju, melanjutkan)
Seto : Most of them are ok, but there are several workers who are incapable of doing their work
A. Inability. B. uncertainty. C. displeasure. D. impossibility. E. disagreement
29. …..is a question scientist had yet to answer?
A. How many moons? C. Plato has how many moons
B. Pluto’s moons number.* D. How many moons Pluto has? E. How many moons does Pluto have
30. N: Look at the man over there. S : Anything interesting? Ary : Certainly. He….the piano by using his feet.
A. Refuses to play. C. is not sure to play.
B. Is capable to play.* D. is annoyed (diganggu) to play. E. denies (menyangkal) that he plays
TEXT 4. UM UGM 2006.
These days, people spend a great deal of time on their health and fitness. Exercises, nutrition and an emphasis on general wellness are important to people not only for medical reasons, but for social one as well. Everyone wants to feel and look their best. Unfortunately, people around the world suffer from a condition that cannot be cured at a health club, spa (pemandian air panas) or even a hospital, chronic bad breath.
It is estimated that over 80 million people worldwide suffer from bad breath or halitosis In the past, treatment has consisted of masking) the odor (bau busuk) with mouthwash or mint flooding with alcohol based rinses or the latest craze , popping pills that claim to cure the problem in the stomach. None of these treatments work, because halitosis is caused by bacteria on the back of the tongue and upper throat that produce sulfurous gases. The way to stop bad breath is stop this process.
Because halitosis originates in the mouth, it is virtually undetectable by your own sense of smell. You may notice a bitter, sour taste in your mouth or a whitish coating on the back of your tongue, but you generally find out there is a problem when a family member, friend or co worker brings it to your attention. At that point, you need an effective, long lasting and easy to use method of eliminating the problem. Without proper treatment, chronic bad breath can lead to a loss confidence and self esteem and it can even result in depression. The problem can adversely affect your marriage, social life, career and relationship with family members. What is needed is a quick and effective treatment that works naturally with no side effect.
As a dentist with a degree in bacteriology, Dr. Katz has been keenly (dg secara teliti/tajam) aware of the widespread nature of this problem. It was not until his daughter came to him about her halitosis, however, that he began to research the problem in earnest His studies led him to an amazing discovery about the source of bad breath. It does not originate in the digestive system, and the food you eat has no direct effect on your breath.
Certain food, however, contribute to the production of sulfurous gases in the back of the mouth. Acids in coffee and protein in dairy products exacerbate [make (something bad) worse] the problem. Mints and mouthwashes intended to mask or prevent bad breath actually worsen the condition because sugar and alcohol dries out the mouth. Many common medications for everything from high blood pressure to depression have the same drying effect, resulting in the formation of odorous gases. Mucous from postnasal drip contains dense protein that are full of sulfur. Some treatments for halitosis contain sodium Lauryl sulfate, which can cause canker sores. The only effective means of eliminating the sulfur gas production is to introduce oxygen to the bacteria, causing them to produce tasteless, odorless sulfates.
Hari hari ini, orang orang menghabiskan banyak waktunya kesehatan dan kebugaran jasmani. Olah raga, gizi, dan suatu penekanan pd kesehatan umum adalah penting bagi orang orang tdk hanya bagi alas an medis/pengobatan tapi bagi kehidupan social juga. Setiap ingin merasa dan kelihatan paling baik. Sayangnya, orang orang sekeliling dunia menderita atas kondisi yang tdk dpt disembuhkan/diobati disebuah kelompok kesehatan, tempat pemandian air panas, atau bahkan sebuah rumah sakit, nafas buruk yg kronis.
Diperkirakan lebih 80 juta orang diseluruh dunia menderita nafas busuk atau nafas berbau. Di waktu yl, pengobatan diperbuat dari penyembunyian bau busuk dengan obat kumur atau permen, berkumur dg alcohol berbahan dasar obat kumur atau candu terbaru, menelan pil yg meminta/menegaskan/menyatakan utk menghilangkan/menyembuhkan masalah/persoalan di dalam perut. Tdk satupun cara cara untuk pengobatan ini bekerja, karena halitosis (mulut busuk) disebabkan oleh bacteria dibelakang lidah dan tenggorokan atas yang menghasilkan gas belerang. Cara menghentikan nafas busuk adalah menghentikan proses ini.
Karena bau mulut busuk berasal dari dalam mulut, ini sebenarnya tdk dpt dideteksi (tdk dpt dicium/dirasakan/ditemukan) oleh perasaan penciuman kita sendiri. Anda bisa memperhatikan rasa pahit, masam didlm mulutmu atau lapisan keputih putihan di belakang lidahmu, tetapi anda umumnya mengetahui ada suatu masalah bila seorang anggota keluarga, teman atau rekan kerja menyadarkan/mengajukannya pada perhatianmu. Pd maksud itu, anda memerlukan suatu yg efektif, bertahan lama dan mudah utk
menggunakan cara pembersihan/mengatasi masalah tsb. Tanpa pengobatan yg tepat, bau mulut busuk yg kronis, dpt menyebabkan kehilangan rasa percaya diri dan penghargaan diri sendiri, dan bahkan ini bisa mengakibatkan depresi/kemuraman. Masalah tsb dpt mempengaruhi perkawinanmu, kehidupan social, karir dan hubungan dg anggota keluarga. Apa yg diperlukan adalah pengobatan yg cepat dan efektif yg bekerja secara alami tanpa ada efek sampingan.
Sbg seorang dokter gigi dg gelar specialist ilmu bakteri, Dr, Katz dg secara teliti menyadari sifat penyebaran secara luas masalah ini. Ini tidak sampai adik peremuannya datang pdnya ttg bau mulut busuk, bagaimanapun juga, ia mulai melakukan penyelidikan masalah tsb dg sungguh sungguh. Penelitiannya mengantarkannya pd penemuan yg menakjubkan tentang sumber mulut busuk. Ini bukan berasal dari sistim pencernaan ttp makanan yg anda makan tdk memiliki pengaruh langsung pd pernafasanmu.
Bagaimanapun juga, makanan tertentu, menambah/memperbesarpd produksi gas sulfur dibelakang mulutmu. Asam di kopi dan protein pd hasil produksi susu memperburuk masalah tsb. Permen dan obat kumur bertujuan utk menyembunyikan/menutupi atau mencegah mulut busuk sebenarnya membuat lebih buruk/memperburuk kondisi tsb karena gula dan alcohol membuat mulut kering. Banyak pengobatan umum utk semua dari tekanan dari tinggi sampai depresi memiliki pengaruh pengeringan yg sama, mengakibatkan pd pembentukan gas bau busuk. Selaput lendir dari tetes tempat hidung mengandung protein yg padat yg penuh berisi belerang. Sebagian pengobatan mulut busuk mengandung lauryl sodium asam sulfat, yg dpt menyebabkan kanker tenggorokan. Hanya alat yg efektif utk menghilangkan produksi gas belerang adalah memasukan oxygen pd bakteri, menyebabkan mereka menghasilakan asam sulfat tawar& tak berbau
Exarbate = kkt. membuat lebih buruk. Pop (popped) kkt. Meletuskan a balloon), menyerudukkan (o’s head into)
The medicine only exarbated the poin Obat itu hanya menambah rasa sakitnya saja.
Exaggerate = kkt membesar besarkan , melebih lebihkan, kki berlebihan. Evoke = kkt menimbulkan, membangkitkan.
Liquor = kb minuman keras, cairan (of pickles acar, asinan, asam asaman). Pickle = kkt mengawetkan.
Outstanding = ks terkemuka, terkenal. Outstanding student = siswa yg menonjol.
Debts outstanding = hutang yg belum dilunasi.
Worsen = kkt menjadikan/membuat lebih buruk. Kki memburuk, menjadi lebih buruk.
Pop (popped) kkt. Meletuskan a balloon), menyerudukkan (o’s head into)
Nutrition = the process of ingesting and assimilating (mengerti, menerima, mencernakan, berasimilasi) nutrients > food, nourishment (makanan).
Ingest = take (food or drink) into the body by swallowing or absorbing (menghisap, menyerap) it.
Characteristic = kb sifat (yg khas), khas. That’s characteristic of her. Itu memang khas dia.
Existence = kb adanya, kehidupan, keadaan hidup. Come into exsistence = menjelma, menjadi ada.
State = kb neg bag, Negara, keadaan, kebesaran. State wide = ks diseluruh neg bag.
Nature = kb sifat (of a problem), alam (raya), sifat dasar, by nature = pd dasarnya.
Worsen = kkt. menjadikan/membuat lebih buruk. -kki. memburuk, menjadi lebih buruk (of s.o's condition, of business).
31. The passage tells us about which of the following?
a. The causes of and solution to halitosis. * D. Breath, mouthwashes and popping pills
b. People who suffer from halitosis. E. A research in digestive system.
c. Dr. Katz’s problems in carrying out his research.
32. Which of the following is True according to the passage?
a. People who consume liquor regularly are likely to suffer from halitosis.
b. People who suffer from halitosis don’t go to health club.
c. Mouthwashes contain sugar and alcohol.*
d. People know very well that mouthwashes cure halitosis.
E. The easily obtained mouthwash makes 80 million people use it.
33. The word “it” in line 12 refers to ……..
a. halitosis. B. Sense of smell. C. Proper treatment.* D. Problem. E. Method.
34. It can be inferred from the passage that ………
a. Chronic bad breath can be cured by a dentist.
b. Most people are concerned with the treatment of bad breath.
c. Protein and bacteria in the mouth are the causes of bad breath.*
d. The production of sulfurous gases is carried out in the mouth through two stages.
e. The bitter (tdk enak, pahit) and sour (masam) taste in the mouth is caused by common medicines.
35. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
a. Halitosis is caused by bad digestive system.
b. Some common medicine will create odorless gases.
c. The bacteria in the mouth are tasteless.
d. Mouthwashes give effective result in the problem of halitosis.
e. Halitosis can be detected from the emission of sulfurous gases. * 45
36. Which word “nature” in line 16 closest in meaning to which of the following?
a. Characteristic.* B. Existence C. Quality D. State E. Kind
37. Which of the following is True according to the passage?
a. The primary need of people going to health club is to improve their social life.
b. The treatment of halitosis with medicine containing oxygen is effective and has no side effect.* 47
c. The depression caused by halitosis can be lessened by taking medication for high blood pressure.
d. It is easy to use mouthwashes because the products can be found in any stores.
e. Mouthwashes have a long lasting effect in the treatment of halitosis.
38. The word “amazing” in line 18 is closest meaning to which of the following?
a. well known. B. Unusual. C. Striking. D. Outstanding. E. Surprising.*
39. Which of the following foods or beverages are the least to cause halitosis?
a. mint, milk and meat. C. Chocolate, ice cream and egg.
b. Coffee, candy and cheese. D. Liquor, cake and syrup. E. Water, carrot and tomato.*
40. The word “exacerbate” in line 21 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
a. Exaggerate.(membesar besarkan) C. Evoke.*(menimbulkan, membangkitkan.
b. Worsen (membuat lebih buruk) D. Cause E. Irritate
Sdm 18/11/2011 23:12:38
TEXT 5.
Read the following text and find the appropriate word or phrase to fill in each of the blanks.
You may have wondered why the use of cellular telephone is not permitted in the cabin of the plane. There are very good reasons for this. Modern aircrafts depend greatly on radio waves ……..(41) many functions, including communication with the control tower, navigation and even control of the atmosphere within the cabin. Radio wave …….(42) from cell phones seriously disrupts these functions.
How bad is this disruption ? Between March 1996 and February 2002, the British Civil Aviation Authority (recorded no less than 35 air safety incidents related to the use of cell phones.
NASA has analyzed 118 cases related to the use of personal electronic devices in aircraft. The NASA ……..(43) in June 2001, concluded that 25 of these cases were strongly correlated berhubungan) with the use of cell phones and 16 of these critical cases.
You may not realize that …(44) it is on standby, your phone is still emitting electromagnetic signals. These signals serve to notify your cell phone network (jaringan) that the phone is active and can be contacted These signals ……(45) when the transmitter at a base terminal station (BTS) communicates with your phone to send you a call or a text message (SMS).
In facts, once the plane has taken off and ……..(46) altitude your cell phone will not work. First, the distance between the BTS and the aircraft is too great. Second, the plane moves ……(47) before the phone is detected and registered by a cell in the network, it has already left that cell. …..(48) you cannot be contacted, if you leave your phone on “active” it continues to emit electromagnetic signals that could seriously disrupt various types of flight control equipment.
That is why, although no nation has yet passed a law that would impose prison sentences on passengers who insist on using their phones while in the aircraft, you ………(49) turn off your phone as soon as you enter the cabin. If your cell phone is in your hand carry luggage, please check and make sure the phone is off.
Isn’t it better to be careful, …..(50) the lives of hundreds of passengers, including you?
41. A. to carry on. B. to carry out.* C. to be carried away D. to carry E. to be carrying.
42. A. interfering. B. interfered. C. interfere D. interferes. E. interference* 48
43. A. released report. B. report release. C. report released* D. which released report. E. releasing report.
44. A. even. B. even when.* C. even though. D. if even. E. when even.
45. Will be strong.* B. bust be strong. C. are strong. D. get stronger. E. are stronger
46. A. Approach cruising.* C. is cruising approach.
B. is approaching cruised. D. cruised approaching. E. is approaching cruising.
47. A. so fast that.* B. not so fast. C. very fast. D. faster. E. fast.
48. A. because. B. but. C. but, even though* D. however. E. nevertheless.*
49. A. can.* B. could. C. should. D. must. E. ought to.
50. A. rather than risking* B. rather risk. C. risking. D. to risk. E. risk.
TEXT 6. UM UGM 2005.
The threat (ancaman) to our health from environmental poisons and specifically heavy metals, is increasing everyday. Lead (timah), mercury (air raksa, derajat, suhu), cadmium, arsenic (warangan, berangan) and copper (tembaga) poisoning are becoming epidemic (wabah). Lead and mercury come mostly from polluted air plus industrial and medical used, such as lead containing paint and mercury containing amalgam (campuran) dental filling. Contaminated fish are also a common source of mercury poisoning. Copper enters our bodies usually from copper water pipes, commonly used in plumbing. Ancaman pd kesehatan kita dari racun lingkungan dan khususnya logam berat semakin meningkat setiap hati. Timah, air raksa,cadmium,warangan dan racun tembaga sedang menjadi wabah. Timah dan air raksa kebanyakan berasal dari pencemaran udara ditambah bekas buangan pabrik serta bekas pengobatan, seperti timah yg mengandung cat dan kandungan campuran air raksa isian gigi. Ikan yg tercemar juga biasa merupakan sumber racun air raksa. Tembaga masuk tubuh kita biasanya dari saluran air pipa tembaga,biasanya digunakan pd pipa ledeng.
Heavy metal poisoning is difficult to treat. Chelating treatment is the only known medical treatment that is effective in detoxifying the body of heavy metal. Now, the Japanese study conducted (dipimpin) by Dr Ikezoe and Kitahara, shows that Kyolic, is a raw garlic extract developed in Japan, is effective in protecting the body from the toxic effects of heavy metal poisoning. Dr. Kitahara and his co workers, Ikezoe and Yamada, conducted controlled studies on animal (rabbits) and human. The method of study was observation of release (pelepasan, pembebasan, penyiaran) of potassium (kalium) and hemoglobin by heavy metals from erythrocyte, and destruction of the erythrocyte membrane. (selaput). The conclusion of the study was that garlic preparation preventing the poisoning effect arising from heavy metals and protected the erythrocyte membrane from destruction. Racun logam berat sulit dihilangkan. Pengobatan chelating yg dikenal hanya pengobatan medis yg efektif dalam memindahkan zat yg mengandung racun pd tubuh yg mengandung logam berat. Sekarang, penelitian orang jepang yg dipimpin oleh Dr Ikezoe dan Kitahara menunjukan bhw kyolic, adalah sari bawang kasar yg dikembangkan di Jepang, efektif dalam melindungi tubuh dari pengaruh keracunan logam berat. Dr Kitahara dan pembantunya, Ikezoe dan Yamada, memimpin pengawasan penelitian pd binatang (kelinci) dan manusia. Metode penelitian adalah pengamatan pelepasan kalium dan hemoglobin oleh logam berat dari sel darah merah yg mengandung pigmen dan kehancuran /kerusakan selaput erythrocyte. Kesimpulan penelitian tsb adalah bhw persiapan bawang mencegah pengaruh keracunan yg timbul dari logam berat dan melindungi selaput sel darah merah yg mengandung pigmen dari kerusakan.
In another study, conducted in Russia, a drug made from garlic extract was given to workers in industrial plant who suffering from chronic lead poisoning. The daily doses of garlic improve the symptoms (gejala) of chronic lead poisoning and lowered the high potphytin levels in the urine. The preparation also normalized the elevated (mengangkat, meninggikan, menaikan) blood pressure in the majority of workers. Russian researchers believe that the efficacy (kemanjuran, kemujaraban) of garlic preparation is due to (berhubungan dg) garlic’s high content sulfur compounds. Pada penelitian lain, dipimpin Russia, sebuah obat yg terbuat dari sari bawang putih diberikan pd para pekerja pabrik perindustrian yg menderita keracutan timah yg kronis. Doses harian bawang putih meningkatkan gejala keracunan timah kronis dan menurunkan tingkat potphytin yg tinggi didlm urine. Persiapan juga menormalkan tekanan darah yg tinggi pd sebagian besar pekerja. Para peneliti Russia percaya bhw kemanjuran persiapan bawang berhubungan dg isi senyawa yg tinggi belerang bawang putih.
cadmium /"kadmI@m/
· n. the chemical element of atomic number 48, a silvery-white metal resembling zinc. (Symbol: Cd)
– ORIGIN C19: from L. cadmia ‘calamine’, so named because it is found with calamine in zinc ore.
Chelate /"ki;leIt/· n. Chemistry a compound containing an organic ligand bonded to a central metal atom at two or more points. · adj. Zoology (of an appendage) bearing chelae. v. Chemistry form a chelate with. DERIVATIVES chelation n. chelator n.
detoxify /di;"tQksIfVI/ · v. (detoxifies, detoxified) 1 remove toxic substances or qualities from.
2 abstain or help to abstain from drink and drugs until the bloodstream is free of toxins.
– DERIVATIVES detoxification n. detoxifier n. ORIGIN C20: from de- + L. toxicum ‘poison’ + -fy.
erythrocyte /I"rITr@(U)sVIt/ · n. a red blood cell (typically a biconcave disc without a nucleus) that contains the pigment haemoglobin and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues. – DERIVATIVES erythrocytic a
Extract =kkb. sari, kutipan. -kkt. 1 mencabut (a tooth). 2 menyadap (sap from trees). 3 menyuling. 4 mengeduk, menggali. 5 memeras, memaksakan. e. of vinegar biang cuka.
haemoglobin /%hi;m@"gl@UbIn/ (US hemoglobin) · n. Biochemistry a red protein containing iron, responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. – C19: a contracted form of haematoglobulin, in the same sense.
ligand /"lIg(@)nd/· n. 1 Chemistry an ion or molecule attached to a metal atom by coordinate bonding.
2 Biochemistry a molecule that binds to another. – ORIGIN 1950s: from L. ligandus ‘that can be tied’.
membrane· n.1 Anatomy & Zoology a pliable sheet-like structure acting as a boundary, lining, or partition in an organism or cell.2 a thin pliable sheet of material.3 Biology a double layer of lipids and proteins forming the boundary of a cell or organelle.– DERIVATIVES membranaceous adj. membraneous adj. membranous adj.
1. The passage tells us about which of the following?
A. The problem of heavy metals in everyday life. D. Heavy metal poisoning and garlic.* 26
B. The increasing number of heavy metals. E. Environmental poisoning.
C. The threat of heavy metals to our health.
2. It can be inferred (diduga, diambil kesimpulan) that motorbike riders without masks (topeng, pelindung muka) may inhale (menghirup, menarik napas)……….
A. Copper. B. cadmium. C. lead.* D. amalgam. E. arsenic.
3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Chelation treatment is not the only possible method to pretend our body from heavy metal poisoning.*
B. The only thing we can do to protect our body from metal poisoning is by the way of chelation treatment.
C. Chelation treatment is the only medical treatment to detoxify the bad of heavy metals.
D. We can do nothing to protect our body from heavy metal poisoning.
E. Kyolic is the only possible treatment to detoxify our body from heavy metal poisoning.
4. The word “contaminated” in line 3 can be replaced by ……….
A. Poisoned. B. polluted.* C. rotten. D. dead. E. unhealthy.
5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Dr. Ikezoe and Kitahara developed a raw garlic extract.
B. Dr. Ikezoe and Kitahara were probably not the person who developed Kyolic.*
C. It was Drs Kitahara and hos co-workers who developed Kyolic.
D. Chelation treatment was developed by Dr. Ikezoe and Kitahara.
E. Both chelation treatment and Kyolic originated from Japan.
6. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The erythrocyte membrane is important to protect us from heavy metal poisoning.
B. Heavy metal may harm the erythrocyte membrane.*
C. The damage of the erythrocyte membrane is harmful to human beings.
D. The erythrocyte membrane is immune to heavy metals.
E. The erythrocyte membrane is indestructible.
7. Who reported the use of garlic to help workers in industrial plants (pabrik) suffering chronic lead poisoning?
A. The Japanese government. C. Dr. Ikezoe, Kitahara and Yamada.
B. Dr. Ikezoe and Kitahara. D. The Russian government. E. Russian researchers.*
8. According to the passage, the use of garlic………..blood pressure.
A. May increase. B. may decrease high. C. regulates. D. maintain.* E. is good to elevate.
9. The word “efficacy” in like 15 is closed in meaning to which of the following?
A. Effectiveness. B. use. C. consumption.` D. result. E. strength.*
10. What make Russian researchers recommend the use of garlic is that it……..
A. Is inexpensive. C. is suitable for eating.
B. Is available everywhere. D. contains certain chemical compounds.* E. has a lot of functions.
TEXT 7. SPMB 2006.
The Pulitzer Prize came about as part of an attempt by newspaper Joseph upgrade the profession of journalism. Pulitzer, the owner of the New York W St Louis Post Dispatch, made a proposal in 1903 to Colombia University million bequest (warisan, pusaka) to the University for the dual purposes of establishing a school at the university and also establish prizes for exceptional work in journalism and other fields. However the university didn’t initially (awalnya) respond as one might expect seemly (patut, pantas) generous offer. Hadiah Pulitzer terjadi sebagai bagian suatu ikhtiar oleh wartawan Joseph meningkatkan profesi kewartawanan. Pulitzer, pemilik surat kabar New York W St Louis Post Diparth mengajukan sebuah proposal di th 1903 pd Universitas Columbia jutaan warisan pd universitas tsb untuk dua macam keperluan/dwiguna mendirikan sekolah pd universitas tsb dan juga menentukan/mengadakan hadiah hadiah bagi pekerjaan kewartawanan dan bidang bidang lainnya yg luar biasa. Bagaimanapun juga, awalnya pihak universitas tidak menanggapi sebagaimana seseorang pantas mengharapkan tawaran yg murah hati tsb.
Interestingly, Columbia University didn’t immediately agree to the Pulitzer inasmuch (sebab, karena, lantaran) as journalism wasn’t held in high regard in general and papers were more known for their sensational ization of the news than for the high quality of journalism. The trustees (wali, wakil, komisaris , pengawas) of the university were not at all sure that they wanted journalism because newspaper reporting was consider more of a trade than – at the time and they didn’t decrease (pengurangan, mengurangi) the academic prestige (gengsi, perbawa, wibawa) of their institution years of discussions and negotiations before the term (masa,ucapan) for the establishment of the journalism and the prizes bearing (memuat) Pulitzer’s name were agreed upon and actually until the year after Pulitzer’s death in 1911 that construction began on the building to house Columbia’s news school of journalism. The school of journalism open and the first prizes were awarded in 1917, for work done the previous year. Yang menarik hati, Universitas Columbia tidak segera menyetujui pd Pulitzer lantaran kewartawanan tdk diadakan pd penghargaan yg tinggi pd umumnya dan surat kabar lebih dikenal karena berita berita yg sensasional daripada untuk kwalitas kewartawanan yg tinggi. Pengawas universitas tidak yakin sama sekali mereka menghendaki jurnalistik karena surat kabar dianggap lebih daripada suatu perdagangan daripada pd waktu itu dan mereka tidak mengurangi wibawa akademik daripada lembaga mereka bertahun tahun berdiskusi dan bernegosiasi sebelum masa pendirian kewartawanan dan hadiah hadiah menyantumkan nama Pulitzer disetujui dan sebenarnya hingga tahun setelah Pulitzer meninggal in th 1911 dan konstruksi mulai pd gedung sekolah berita jusnalistik Columbia. Sekolah jurnalistik buka dan hadiah pertama dihadiahkan pd tha 1917, bagi pekerjaan yg dihasilkan tahun sebelumnya.
The method for selecting Pulitzer Prize winners and the categories for changed slightly over the years. Today, 21 different awards are given in the areas with majority of award going to journalists; 14 of the 21 awards are the aspects of journalism (i.e. news reporting, feature writing, cartoons and photography, 6 awards are given in letters (in fiction, non fiction, history, drama, poetry, and biography) and 1 award in music. Columbia University appoints nominating juries consisting in each field and the nominating juries submit these nominations for each category to the Pulitzer Prizes Board, which makes the decisions and awards the prizes. Metode pemilihan bagi para pemenang hadiah Pulitzer dan kelompok bagi perubahan sedikit selama bertahun tahun. Sekarang ini 21 hadiah yg berlainan diberikan dlm berbagai bidang dengan mayoritas hadiah akan diberikan pd wartawan; 14 daripada 21 hadiah adalah aspek jurnalistik (yaitu laporan berita, bentuk tulisan, kartun, foto; 6 hadiah diberikan dalam bentuk karya tulis (dlm cerita fiksi, non fiksi, sejarah, drama, sajak dan biography) dan 1 hadian pada music. UC menunjuk juri untuk nominasi yg terdiri pd bidangnya masing masing dan nominasi juri mengajukan nominasi ini untuk masing masing katagori pd dewan hadiah Pulitzer, yg membuat keputusan dan menyerahkan hadiah.
1. The following were offered by John Pulitzer to Columbia University, except…..
A. A large sum of money.
B. The establishment of a school of journalism. D. the addition of a new study program.
C. A grant for a new study program. E. scholarship for the best students.*
2. Historically, the Pulitzer prize was particularly meant to be awarded to …..
A. The Columbia University. C. the Pulitzer’s newspaper. E. the outstanding writer in literature
B. The best work in journalism.* D. the best school of journalism.
3. Why was Columbia University’s first reaction to Pulitzer’s offer negative?
A. The Pulitzer papers were known to focus on trivial (sepele, remeh temeh) things.*
B. The need for journalists was at that time not yet recognized.
C. The study program offered was considered teaching a skill not science.
D. The offer has decreased the academic prestige of the institution.
E. The school of journalism would take a long time to establish.
4. Which of the following statements is true about the Pulitzer Prize?
A. It was after Pulitzer’s death that prizes were awarded.*
B. The first prizes were awarded by Pulitzer himself.
C. All kinds of writings might receive Pulitzer himself.
D. The prizes were awarded by experts of the Columbia University.
E. The majority of the prizes go to the best newspapers in the world.
5. ‘was not held in high regard’ in line 8 means………
A. Was entirely (sepenuhnya) ignored. C. was not acceptable.
B. Was considered unimportant.* D. was quite unpopular. E. was generally not recommended.
Trustees kb. 1 wali, wakil. 2 komisaris (of a bank). 3 pengawas (of a university). board of trustees dewan pengawas.Outstanding ks. 1 terkemuka, terkenal. o. student mahasiswa yang menonjol. 2 belum diselesaikan.
debts o. hutang yang belum dilunasi..
I. PASSIVE VOICE ( KALIMAT PASIF)
Kalimat pasif yaitu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan, dapat dibentuk dari kalimat aktif ( kalimat yang subjeknya melakukan pekerjaan ) dengan cara sbb :
1) Subjek kalimat aktif berubah menjadi objek pelaku kalimat pasif.
2) Sebaliknya, objek kalimat aktif berubah menjadi subjek kalimat pasif.
RUMUS KALIMAT PASIF.
1. Present tense : am / is / are + V3.
E g. * Seto writes a letter. (aktif) à A letter is written by him. (pasif).
2. Present continuous tense : am/is/are + being + V3.
E g. * Ali and Seto are doing the work. (aktif) à The work is being done by them. (pasif).
3. Present perfect tense : have / has + been + V3.
E g. * I have received a parcel (aktif) à A parcel has been received by me. (pasif)
4. Past tense : was / were + V3.
E g. * Father broke some glasses. (aktif) à Some glasses were broken by father.(pasif)
5. Past continuous tense : was / were + being + V3.
E g. * Mother was cooking rice. (aktif) à Rice was being cooked by mother. (pasif)
6. Past perfect tense : had + been + V3.
E g. * They had colleted stamps. (aktif) à Stamps had been collected by them (pasif).
7. Future tense : will + be + V3.
E g. * She will send me a letter. (aktif) à I will be sent a letter by her. (pasif)
8. Dengan modal (kata bantu kata kerja: can could, will would, shall should , may might,
ought to, must : modal + be + V3.
E g. * My friend could lift a stone. (aktif) à A stone could be lifted by my friend. (pasif)
EXERCISE A. Rubahlah kalimat ini kedalam bentuk pasif, tanpa menyebut siapa yg melakukan pekerjaan itu
Active : Somebody should mend that old fence. à That fence should be mended. (pasif)
1. Somebody must polish this car straight away. 6. You needn’t do your homework yet.
2. People can learn this song without much difficulty. 7. Someone ought to wake up that boy.
3. Somebody should pick up that pencil from the floor. 8. You must write down the words immediately.
4. That child is waiting for someone to put him to bed. 9. He’d like somebody to visit him.
5. Betty would hate someone to see in that very old dress.10. I want someone to introduce me to Ani.
EXERCISE B. Rubahlah kalimat berikut menjadi kalimat pasif dengan memakai by dan menyebut pelakunya.
1. Bees sometimes sting young children. 6. Chemists sell medicines.
2. A big company owns this building. 7 Mr. Sudirman signs every letter.
3. A good firm employs me. 8. Explorers discover interesting things.
4. Somebody empties the rubbish tin twice a week. 9. People often regret mistakes later.
5. People store water in that reservoir. 10. Someone winds up the clock every night.
EXERCISE C. Fill in the blank with Simple Past tense (passive form) of the verbs in the brackets.
E g. * The coat ………of wool. (make). (active) The coat was made of wool. (passive)
1. A box filled with old coins ….(find). 9. The ..to stay away from the fierce dog. (tell)
2. The house you asked about …in the fire. (burn) 10. She …..to sing at the party. (ask)
3. Both boys …..before the headmaster. (bring) 11. The whole town ..for the celebration . (decorate)
4. We …to rewrite the essays we had done. (make). 12. The message ….to him through Ali. (send)
5. The books ………by all the pupils. (read) 13. All those who helped …free drinks. (give)
6. The loaves of bread …….in a huge oven. (bake) 14. The tiger that escaped …by that hunter. (shoot).
7. He …at the airport by all his friends. (welcome) 15. The letter …almost a week ago. (post)
8. All the pupils….to come early to school. (tell) 16. Rini ....(phone) me the day before yesterday.
II. CAUSATIVE OF HAVE & GET.
A. Defenisi : Causative form ialah penempatan kata yang dalam hal ini kata kerja (misalnya to have , to get) dalam suatu kalimat yg kalimat tsb mengandung arti bahwa sesuatu perbuatan bukan kita yang melakukan tetapi dilakukan oleh orang lain. Contoh :
- John is going to tell the barber to cut his hair. à John is going to have his hair cut.
- I must tell my brother to repair my watch. à I must have my watch repaired.
- I’ll ask the shoemaker to sole his shoes. à I will have his shoes soled.
RUMUS : Subject + have / get + object + past participle.
1. Bentuk kalimat pasif : Have + Object + Past Participle.
E g. * I had my house swept. * I had my shoes cleaned.
* He must have his pen mended. * The houses had their roof ripped off by the gate.
* He must get his pen mended ( means : someone must mend it for him).
* I had got my house cleaned. (means : I asked someone to clean it for me)
Bentuk negatif.
E g. * I don’t have been, he cleaned. I cleaned them myself.
* You don’t have your hair cut every week, don’t you ? * We don’t have them mended.
Bentuk pertanyaan
E g. * How often to you have your hair cut ? * Did you have a pleasant walk ?
* When did you last have your hair cut ? * Did you have a good sleep ?
Bentuk continuous tense.
E g. * While I was having my hair done the police towed my car.
* He says that the house is too small and that he is having a room built on.
* I can’t ask you to dinner this week as I’m having my house painted at the moment and everything is
upside down.
2. Bentuk kal aktif : have/has/had +object + to infinitive ( get/gets/got + object + to infinitive
E g. * I have the barber cut my hair. * I have a man swept my house.
* She gets the barber to cut my hair. * I get a man to sweep my house.
A. Penggunaan causative of have. Bentuk : Have + object + Past participle.
E g. * I employed someone to clean my car. ( I had my car cleaned.
* I got a man to sweep my house. ( I had my house swept.
* I had my car cleaned ( means : I employed someone to do it.
* I had cleaned my car. ( ,, I cleaned it myself sometime before the time of speaking
Bentuk ini juga dipakai untuk bahasa sehari hari sebagai pengganti dari bentuk pasif.
E g. * His fruit was stolen before he had a chance to pick it.
( He had his fruit stolen before he had a chance to pick it )
EXERCISE A. Ubahlah kalimat berikut menggunakan bentuk causative.
E g. * Ani will order her brother to post the letter. à Ani will have/get the letter posted.
1. The teacher order Ali to close the door. 5. The manager will ask the secretary to type the letter
2. Nina is going to tell his brother to paint the door. 6. I must ask the shoemaker to mend my shoes.
3. Nani asked the dentist to put out her bad tooth. 7. I employed someone to do something for me.
4. I must tell my brother to repair my watch. 8. Please tell him to take my photograph.
EXERCISE B. Letakkanlah kalimat berikut dalam bentuk negatif.
E g. * I have it serviced. à I don’t have it serviced.
1. I have my hair cut once a month. 6. He had his room cleaned.
2 Ani had her bad tooth pull out. 7. She has breakfast brought into her room.
1. The teacher had the blackboard cleaned. 8. Your father had your work given up.
2. The nurse had the pills swallowed. 9. John had his eyes examined.
3. We have our clothes washed. 10. She often has her hair curled.
EXERCISE C. Ubahlah kalimat berikut menjadi pertanyaan.
E g. * You have the window opened. à Do you have the window opened ?
1. You have your bicycle repaired. 5. The manager had the concept typed.
2. He has his homework done. 6. Yanto has the dishes cleared away.
3. He had his room cleaned. 7. The police had the documents shown.
4. Mary had the papers torn to pieces. 8. The president has rice imported free out of duty
III. DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH. Change these sentences below into indirect speech.
1. Anita said ,” I can lift a heavy thing.” Anita said that ………..a heavy thing.
2. Latif said, “ I haven’t done my homework yet.” Latif said that he ……..homework yet.
3. “ Why are you so sad ?” Lily asked me .
4. “ Are you willing to help me ?” Mr Paul asked us. If………….
5. Father said to me,” Where did you go last night ?” Father asked me where ………….
6. Mr Seto said to us,” Have you taken your dinner ?” Mr Seto asked us if ………………
7. Mr and Mrs Hasyim said to me,” Would you like to join us for lunch ?” Mr and Mrs. Hasyim asked me….
8. The teacher said to us,” When will you start revising your schoolwork ?” The teacher asked us when….
9. “ Why is the test postponed again ?” asked Nina. Nina asked why ………… postponed again.
10. Mr Namridus said to the students,” Why didn’t you do it yourself ?” Mr Namridus asked to the students
11. The teacher to me,” What are you finishing now ?” The teacher asked me what ……..then.
12. “ Where does the road lead to ?” The stranger inquired where ………….
13. He said,” There’re 29 days in February in leap year.” He said that …days in Feb in leap year.
14. “ You have the best garden in the neighborhood”. The gardener says to us that ….the best garden in the n
15. Diliyani and Seto said, “ We haven’t done our homework yet.” Diliyani and Seto said……….
16. “ Why are you so nervous ?” Fadli asked me . Fadli asked me…….
13. “ Are you willing to help me ?” M r Namridus asked me. Mr Namridus asked me if ……
14. Mother said to us ,” Where did you go last night ?” Mother asked us ………..
15. Mr Nurokhmat said to us,” Have you taken your lunch ?” Mr Nurokhmat asked us……
16. Mr & Mrs. Nawawi said to us ,” Would you like to join us for dinner ?” Mr & Mrs. Nawawi asked us...
17. The teacher said to us ,” When are you going to start revising your schoolwork ?” The teacher asked us w
18. “ Why will the test be postponed again ?” asked Nina to Seto Nina asked to Seto why… postponed again
19. Mrs. S said to the students,” Why don’t you do your assignments at once ?” Mrs.S asked to them ..
20. “ How can I tell you about something I don’t know ?” The teacher asked to the pupils how he…….
III. DIRECT INDIRECT QUESTIONS. Choose the correct answer by crossing a, b, c, d
R V : asked, inquired, wanted to know. Conj : if, whether, what, when, how, who, which, where, etc.
1. He said to me,” Are you busy now?” He asked me whether ………………..
2. He said to us,” Can you help me to lift the suitcase?” He asked us if…………..
3. Susi said to me,” Do you have a dictionary?” Susi asked me if ……..
4. Hanifah said to us,” Have you done your assignments?” Hanifah asked us if…….assignments.
5. He said to me,” May I sit here for a while?” He asked me if ………..for a while.
6. ” Will you type this letter for me?” She inquired me if …that letter for her.
7. He said to me,” Do you like fishing?” He wanted to know me if …………..
8. He said to me,’ Do you think there will be enough cakes for everyone ?”
9. ” Will someone go and see if Nina has arrived ?” He asked me if someone …if Nina had arrived.
10. ” Is Seto going to sleep in this room ?” Mother asked me if Seto ………in that room.
11. ” Are there many people in the party?” He asked me if ….. ……..many people in the party.
12. ” Who wants to go with me?” My father asked us ……to go with him.
13. Mother said to us,” How did you know the answer?” Mother wondered to us ……..the answer.
14. The teacher said to us,”Why are you coming to school late ?”The teacher asked us ..to school late
15. ” How many students are there in this class?” He asked me how many students ….in that class.
16. He said to me,” What can I do for you?” He asked me what ………….
17.The shopkeeper said to me,” Which one will you buy?” The shopkeeper asked me which one……
18. My sister said to me,” Which color do you like best?” My sister asked me which color …..
19. The foreigner said to me,” How far is it to the next city?” The foreigner asked me how far ………
20.The man said to me,” What time will you catch the train?” The man asked me what time…….
IV. DIRECT INDIRECT IN COMMANDS AND REQUESTS.
Reporting verbs : told, asked, ordered, requested etc. eg. Go home ! à to go home.
1. The teacher said to the students.” Please do your tasks at once !” The teacher told to them…..
2. He said to me,” Don’t lock the door , please ! He told me ……….the door.
3. Mother said to me,’ Please don’t disturb me!” Mother ordered me …………….
4. The teacher said to her class,” Please be quiet !” The teacher told to her class ……….
5. The man said to us,” Don’t put your things here !” The man told us …………..
6. He said to the boy,” Look where you’re going !” He shouted to the boy …………..
7. ” Take this medicine twice a day !” The midwife told to the patient …twice a day.
8. Ani said to me,” Don’t wait for me tomorrow, please !” Ani told me ………………
9. He said to me,” Pass me those books on the table !” He told me ………books on the table.
10. The women said to me,” Tell us about a book you read !” The women told me ……..
11. Mother warned us,” Don’t play too near the drains !” Mother warned us…too near the drains.
12. The teacher told to her class,” Do exercises one to ten !” The teacher told to her class ……..
13. “ Look carefully before you cross the road !” she told to little boy. She told to little boy……..
14. The policeman said to the driver,” Please show me your license !” The policeman told to the driver ..license.
15. The boy said to me,” Let me help you to carry the suitcase !” The boy told to me ………..
16. The man said to someone,” Leave my room at once !” The man ordered to someone ……
17. “ Have some more biscuits,” Mrs Arifin said to her guests. Mrs Arifin told to her guests ……
18. She said to me,” Hold this parcel carefully.” She told me ………..parcel carefully.
REPORTED SPEECH.
EG. HE SAID/ASKED/TOLD/REQUESTED ME/US……AND SAID/ASKED/TOLD…..
1. I shouldn’t do that if I were you. Isn’t it very dangerous?
2. When we have finished this game we’ll have supper. Will you have time to play again afterward?
3. Don’t you know how to behave? There must be no talking in lessons.
4. Do as you are told! You are a naughty girl.
5. What will you make your new curtains of? Flowered cotton would look very pretty.
6. Please take me home! I don’t feel very well.
7. Are you cold? I can soon light a fire.
8. I wonder where I left my scissors. Can you see them any where? (He wondered where……………..)
9. Don’t do that! Are you mad?
10. What time does the concert start? I’m sure it’s time to go.
11. Is that the front door bell? I’ll answer it.
12. This is my engagement ring. Do you like it?
13. Come here! I want to speak to you.
14. It’s a lovely day today. I think I’ll go for a walk.
15. How can I help laughing? My girl friend Maize’s hat is so funny.
16. What a dark light it is! I’m thankful I haven’t got to go out.
17. Didn’t you bring a coat with you? I’m afraid you’ll be cold.
18. How many pounds of sugar are necessary to make ten pounds of jam? It is not in the cookery book.
19. We shall be late! Do hurry up!
20. Do you know it has gone half past six? It’s time for you to go to bed.
21. Did you visit the temple when you were in Thailand last year? No, I wanted to, but I had no time.
22. When I go to Paris tomorrow, I shall have been there ten times.
23. What a marvelous supper! I shall get terribly fat. Do you always have such magnificent meals?
24. Where did you go the day before yesterday? Didn’t I see you on the river?
25. I think you had a very charming girl with you. You won’t introduce me to her, I suppose.
26. What are you doing in this part of the world? What a pity you didn’t come yesterday, we’d a lovely day on the river
27. I’m sure we are lost. Run and ask that policeman the way.
28. Did you remember to take your medicines before dinner? If not, you’d better take it now.
29. Do you want to speak to Norah? I’m afraid she’s out at the moment.
30. Will you come here, Miss Jones? I want you to take down a letter for me.
31. What a forgetful creature I am! I’ve forgotten to post your letter.
32. Have you got any shampoo? I must wash my hair.
33. I’ve just had three shoes made for me. Do you think they are smart?
34. I wonder who is coming on the excursion tomorrow. I do hope it won’t rain. (He wondered who…………)
35. Do as I tell you or you will be punished! I’ll teach you who is master in this house.
36. When you have cleaned the sitting room, will you please light a fire here? It’s rather chilly today.
37. I’m glad I’ve found you out, you dirty little thief!
38. Listen! Can you hear someone coming?
39. Please excuse me! I’m too tired to go out tonight.
40. Have you ever been to the Lake District? It is most delightful walking country.
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